{"id":17458,"date":"2026-02-20T08:06:20","date_gmt":"2026-02-20T08:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/20\/lean-ethereum-ethereum-foundation-blog\/"},"modified":"2026-02-20T08:06:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T08:06:20","slug":"lean-ethereum-ethereum-foundation-blog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/20\/lean-ethereum-ethereum-foundation-blog\/","title":{"rendered":"lean Ethereum | Ethereum Foundation Blog"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\">\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Yesterday Ethereum turned 10. Today, <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">lean Ethereum<\/em> is unveiled as a vision\u2014and personal mission\u2014for the next 10 years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We stand at the dawn of a new era. Millions of TPS. Quantum adversaries. How does Ethereum marry extreme performance with uncompromising security and decentralization?<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>TLDR<\/strong>: next-generation cryptography is central to winning both offense and defense.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Disclaimer: This is a Drake take\u2122 aimed at a broad audience. A technical deep dive into hash-based post-quantum signatures and SNARKs will follow. A healthy diversity of views across Protocol, the EF, and the broader Ethereum community is expected and welcome. It strengthens us.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"defensefort-mode\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"defensefort mode permalink\" href=\"#defensefort-mode\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>defense\u2014fort mode<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Ethereum is special. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereumuptime.org\">100% uptime<\/a> since genesis. Unrivaled client diversity. <strong>130B USD in economic security<\/strong> (35.7M ETH staked \u00d7 3.7K USD)\u2014maybe soon 1T USD.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Ethereum is poised to become the bedrock of <strong>the internet of value<\/strong>, securing hundreds of trillions over decades, even centuries.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Ethereum must survive anything: nation states, quantum computers. Whatever comes. Call it <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">fort mode<\/em>. If the internet is up, Ethereum is up. <strong>If the world is online, the world is onchain.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"offensebeast-mode\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"offensebeast mode permalink\" href=\"#offensebeast-mode\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>offense\u2014beast mode<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Ethereum is hungry. &#8220;Scale L1, scale blobs&#8221; is a strategic urgency inside the EF&#8217;s Protocol cluster. Expect low-hanging performance gains over the next 6\u201312 months.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Longer term? Think gigagas L1, teragas L2. Call it <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">beast mode<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>1 gigagas\/sec on L1<\/strong>: 10K TPS, ambitious vertical scale<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>1 teragas\/sec on L2<\/strong>: 10M TPS, sprawling horizontal scale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Scale vs decentralization? Why not both. The moon math we need is now tamed:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>real-time zkVMs<\/strong> for lean execution<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>data availability sampling<\/strong> (DAS) for lean data<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">A delicious cherry on top: full chain verification across every browser, wallet, phone.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"lean-upgrades\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"lean upgrades permalink\" href=\"#lean-upgrades\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>lean upgrades<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Lean Ethereum proposes bold upgrades across all three L1 sublayers:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>lean consensus<\/strong> is <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">beacon chain 2.0:<\/em> hardened for ultimate security and decentralization, plus finality in seconds; formerly branded as &#8220;beam chain&#8221;<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>lean data<\/strong> is <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">blobs 2.0:<\/em> post-quantum blobs, plus granular blob sizing for a calldata-like developer experience<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>lean execution<\/strong> is <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">EVM 2.0:<\/em> a minimal, SNARK-friendly instruction set (possibly RISC-V; pronounced &#8220;risk five&#8221;), boosting performance while preserving EVM compatibility and its network effects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The consensus layer (CL), data layer (DL), execution layer (EL) have each been reimagined from first principles. Together, they unlock fort mode and beast mode.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>The goal:<\/strong> performance abundance under the constraint of non-negotiable continuity, maximum hardness, and refreshing simplicity.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"lean-cryptography\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"lean cryptography permalink\" href=\"#lean-cryptography\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>lean cryptography<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Hash-based cryptography is emerging as the ideal foundation for lean Ethereum. It offers a compelling, unified answer to two megatrends reshaping the ecosystem:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">the explosive <strong>rise of SNARKs<\/strong><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">the looming <strong>quantum threat<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Imagine the leanest cryptographic brick\u2014the hash function\u2014singlehandedly powering L1:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>CL<\/strong>: <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">hash-based aggregate signatures<\/em> upgrade BLS signatures<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>DL<\/strong>: <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">hash-based DAS commitments<\/em> upgrade KZG commitments<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><strong>EL<\/strong>: <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">hash-based real-time zkVMs<\/em> upgrade EVM re-execution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">A cryptographic jewel in each of lean CL, lean DL, lean EL.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"lean-craft\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"lean craft permalink\" href=\"#lean-craft\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>lean craft<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Lean Ethereum is more than a blueprint for hardening and scaling Ethereum. More than just doubling down on security, decentralisation, and cutting-edge cryptography. It is an aesthetic. An art form. A craft. Think Jiro in <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Dreams of Sushi<\/em>. When we can go the extra mile, we do.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Minimalism. Modularity. Encapsulated complexity. Formal verification. Provable security. Provable optimality. These are subtle yet important technical considerations. Stay tuned for the post on post-quantum cryptography that will make them explicit.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"lean-legacy\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"lean legacy permalink\" href=\"#lean-legacy\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>lean legacy<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">After 10 fantastic years, lean Ethereum is a generational oath. To keep Ethereum online no matter what. To scale it without compromise. To make it worthy of those who come next.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This is about legacy. We are builders, we are missionaries. We are Ethereum. I hope you <strong>join us<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/en\/2025\/07\/31\/mailto:lean@ethereum.org\">lean@ethereum.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/leanroadmap.org\">leanroadmap.org<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/en\/2025\/07\/31\/lean-ethereum\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yesterday Ethereum turned 10. Today, lean Ethereum is unveiled as a vision\u2014and personal mission\u2014for the next 10 years. We stand at the dawn of a new era. Millions of TPS. Quantum adversaries. How does Ethereum marry extreme performance with uncompromising security and decentralization? TLDR: next-generation cryptography is central to winning both offense and defense. Disclaimer: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"kronos_expire_date":[],"class_list":["post-17458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ethereum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17458\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17458"},{"taxonomy":"kronos_expire_date","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kronos_expire_date?post=17458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}