{"id":17743,"date":"2026-02-27T23:57:11","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T23:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/27\/wrapping-up-the-kzg-ceremony\/"},"modified":"2026-02-27T23:57:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T23:57:11","slug":"wrapping-up-the-kzg-ceremony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/27\/wrapping-up-the-kzg-ceremony\/","title":{"rendered":"Wrapping up the KZG Ceremony"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\">\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The KZG Ceremony was the largest multi-party computation of its kind (by number of participants). Through an open, accessible process, it produced a secure cryptographic foundation for <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eip4844.com\/\">EIP-4844<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Learn more about how the Ceremony worked in Carl Beekhuizen&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.devcon.org\/archive\/watch\/6\/opening-ceremonies-carl\/?playlist=Devcon%206%20Opening&amp;tab=YouTube\">Devcon talk<\/a>: &#8220;Summoning the spirit of the Dankshard&#8221;<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">As the Dencun upgrade approaches, this post will serve as a comprehensive record of outcomes and people that brought the Ceremony to life in 2023.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"outcomes-and-methods\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"outcomes and methods permalink\" href=\"#outcomes-and-methods\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Outcomes and Methods<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Ceremony ran for <strong>208 days<\/strong>: from <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CarlBeek\/status\/1613886959092383745?s=20\">Jan 13 13:13 UTC 2023<\/a> until <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CarlBeek\/status\/1683034067435147265\">Aug 08 23:08 UTC 2023<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>141,416 contributions<\/strong> made this the largest setup of this kind at the time of publishing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/ethereum-hackmd\/upload_e9216b013447e62e1ebc592eb217e846.png\" class=\"chakra-image css-hw6q2r\"\/><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Contributors were required to sign-in via Github or authenticate using an Ethereum address for spam prevention.<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">132,021 (93.36%) used Sign in with Ethereum<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">9,395 (6.64%) used Github<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">As additional spam prevention, Ethereum addresses were required to have sent a certain number of transactions (also referred to as &#8220;nonce&#8221;) before the start of the Ceremony at block 16,394,155 2023\/01\/13 00:00 UTC. This requirement was modified throughout, depending on the needs at that time.<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Jan 13 &#8211; March 13: nonce 3<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">March 13 &#8211; April 01: no new logins, but the lobby was allowed to clear out, ie. anyone already logged-in was able to complete their contribution.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">April 01-16: public contributions closed to accommodate Special Contributions<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">April 16-25: 128<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">April 25-May 8: 64<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">May 8-25: 32<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">May 25 &#8211; June 27: 16<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">June 27 &#8211; Aug 23: 8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To prevent bots or scripts from interrupting honest contributors, the process was set up to blacklist any accounts with excessive logins\/pings. To reset honest accounts accidentally added to the list, the blacklist was cleared <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/search?q=blacklist%20from%3Acarlbeek&amp;src=typed_query&amp;f=live\">four times<\/a> throughout the contribution period.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Please note that <strong>we do not recommend using KZG contributions as a reliable list of unique identities<\/strong> e.g. for airdrops. While the sign-in and nonce requirements encouraged honest entropy contributions, these were ultimately minor impediments to actors wanting to contribute multiple times. Analysis of the transcript and onchain activity clearly show that many contributions came from linked addresses controlled by single entities. Fortunately, because these contributions were still adding entropy, it doesn&#8217;t detract from the soundness of the final transcript output.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"verifying-the-transcript\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"verifying the transcript permalink\" href=\"#verifying-the-transcript\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Verifying the transcript<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>8ed1c73857e77ae98ea23e36cdcf828ccbf32b423fddc7480de658f9d116c848<\/strong>: is the sha-256 hash of the final transcript output.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The transcript is <strong>242 MB<\/strong>, and is available on GitHub in the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/kzg-ceremony\/blob\/main\/transcript.json\">ethereum\/kzg-ceremony repo<\/a> or via <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ipfs.tech\/\">IPFS<\/a> under the CID <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">QmZ5zgyg1i7ixhDjbUM2fmVpES1s9NQfYBM2twgrTSahdy<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">There are several means of verifying the transcript. It can be explored and verified on <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ceremony.ethereum.org\/#\/record\">ceremony.ethereum.org<\/a>, or with a <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/kzg-ceremony-verifier\">dedicated verification script<\/a> written in rust.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Learn more about the checks implemented here in Geoff&#8217;s blog post: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/hackmd.io\/w7kvxwIhTlShzutKRKmRfA\">Verifying the KZG Ceremony Transcript<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">There was a commemorative <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/checkout.poap.xyz\/151249\/crypto?step=1\">POAP NFT<\/a> which could be claimed by contributors who logged in with their Ethereum address. The design of the POAP matches that of the original hosted interface, and includes the hash of the transcript in the border (8ed&#8230;848). To date, over 76k NFTs have been claimed by participants. Anyone who verified the transcript output was also able to tweet as social proof of success: see recent verification tweets <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/search?q=Transcript%20sha256%20hash%3A%200x8ed1c73857e77ae98ea23e36cdcf828ccbf32b423fddc7480de658f9d116c848%20since%3A2023-10-23&amp;src=typed_query&amp;f=live\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">As noted above, <strong>we do not recommend using the list of minted POAPs as a strong anti-sybil signal<\/strong>, eg. for airdrop eligibility.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"special-contributions\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"special contributions permalink\" href=\"#special-contributions\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Special Contributions<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">April 1-16 2023 was the Special Contribution Period for the KZG Ceremony. This allowed participants to contribute in ways that may not have been possible in the Open Contribution period.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">While the Ceremony only needs a single honest participant to provide a secure output, Special Contributions provide additional assurances beyond a standard entropy contribution:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">computing over the entropy in an isolated environment (eg. on an air-gapped machine, wiping and physically destroying hardware) means it&#8217;s unlikely for a malicious entity to have extracted the entropy at any point<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">detailed documentation (explore links below) attached to real reputations are unlikely to all have been coopted or faked by a malicious coordinating entity. The records are available for future observers to explore.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">different hardware and software limits correlated risk<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">differentiated entropy generation (eg. measuring an explosion) prevents the Ceremony output being compromised by some failure in the regular entropy generation (eg. the hosted interface)<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">contributions involving large groups of people are harder to fake than those with only one person<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">See the original Ethereum <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2023\/08\/02\/kzg-special-contributions\">blog post<\/a> which documents the 14 special contributions: details on methodology, where to find them in the transcript, and links to documenting media.<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Cryptosat: entropy from space<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">The KZG Marble Machine: 3d printed marble machine<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Mr. Moloch\u2019s Ephemeral Album II: a day-long musical adventure<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Dog Dinner Dance Dynamics: a good boy get dinner<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">CZG-Keremony: a pure JS KZG ceremony client<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Improvised Theatre: unpredictable improv<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">A Calculating Car: Self-driving car collects data<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">A noisy city: Sydney whispers its stories<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Exothermic Entropy: chemicals go boom<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">The Sferic Project: lightning never strikes in the same place twice<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">The Great Belgian Beer Entropy Caper: recording a night of beer with a friend<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">KZGamer: summoning Dankshard with a dice-tower<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Catropy: cats continue being integral to the internet<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">srsly: an iOS KZG Ceremony client<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The resources here are helpful to learn more about how these constructions work, both generally and with regard to Ethereum&#8217;s particular context.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-ylxp7t\">\n<table class=\"chakra-table css-nz8z8i\">\n<thead class=\"css-0\">\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">Title<\/th>\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">Venue<\/th>\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">Participants<\/th>\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">Release Date<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"css-i54j9x\">\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/strangewater.xyz\/episode\/5a9e3767-ec6f-48cf-8111-600e5bbe44a2\">Danksharding and the KZG Ceremony w\/ Carl Beekhuizen (Ethereum Foundation)<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Strange Water Podcast<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Rex, Carl Beekhuizen<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">November 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/thedefiant.io\/kzg-ceremony-duo-summons-the-ethereum-road-map-2\">KZG Ceremony Duo Summons The Ethereum Road Map<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">The Defiant<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Tegan Kline, Carl Beekhuizen, Trent Van Epps<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">April 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/zeroknowledge.fm\/262-2\/\">Episode 262: Ethereum\u2019s KZG Ceremony with Trent &amp; Carl<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Zero Knowledge<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Anna Rose, Kobi Gurkan, Carl Beekhuizen, Trent Van Epps<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Feb 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nPzBMzX4pxQ\">Ethereum&#8217;s KZG Ceremony<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Bankless<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">David Hoffman, Trent Van Epps, Carl Beekhuizen<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Jan 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a_gWHaaOKSo\">Peep an EIP &#8211; KZG Ceremony<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">EthCatHerders<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Pooja Ranjan, Carl Beekhuizen<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Jan 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/epicenter.tv\/episodes\/478\">Ethereum Foundation \u2013 EIP-4844 &amp; KZG Ceremony<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Epicenter<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Friederike Ernst, Trent Van Epps, Carl Beekhuizen<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Jan 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Z2jR75njZKc\">Building the KZG Ceremony<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">PSE Learn and Share<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Nico Serrano, Geoff Lamperd<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Dec 2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.devcon.org\/archive\/watch\/6\/the-kzg-ceremony-or-how-i-learnt-to-stop-worrying-and-love-trusted-setups\/?tab=YouTube\">The KZG Ceremony &#8211; or How I Learnt to Stop Worrying and Love Trusted Setups<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Devcon<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Carl Beekhuizen<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Oct 2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"audits\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"audits permalink\" href=\"#audits\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Audits<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Given the utmost importance of security in this project, two audits were conducted, each for different components.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"client-implementations\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"client implementations permalink\" href=\"#client-implementations\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Client Implementations<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">There were a number of independent implementations that Ceremony participants could run locally, with a variety of different features.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"cli-interfaces\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"cli interfaces permalink\" href=\"#cli-interfaces\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>CLI Interfaces<\/h3>\n<div class=\"css-ylxp7t\">\n<table class=\"chakra-table css-nz8z8i\">\n<thead class=\"css-0\">\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">Implementation<\/th>\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">BLS Library<\/th>\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">Language<\/th>\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">License<\/th>\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">Author<\/th>\n<th class=\"css-b6vxtn\">Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"css-i54j9x\">\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/StefanBratanov\/chotto\/\">Chotto<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">blst (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ConsenSys\/jblst\">jblst<\/a>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Java<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Apache 2.0<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Stefan Bratanov (@StefanBratanov)<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"\/><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jsign\/go-kzg-ceremony-client\">go-kzg-ceremony-client<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">gnark-crypto<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Go<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">MIT<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Ignacio Hagopian (@jsign)<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Features: transcript verification, using additional external sources of entropy, eg. drand network, an arbitrary URL provided by the user. Note: double signing not supported due to lack of hash-to-curve in gnark.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/arnaucube\/eth-kzg-ceremony-alt\">eth-KZG-ceremony-alt<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">kilic<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Go<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">GPL-3.0<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Arnaucube (@arnaucube)<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"\/><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/dknopik\/towers-of-pau\/tree\/proper-client\">Towers of Pau<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">blst<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Go<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">MIT<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Daniel Knopik (@dknopik), Marius van der Wijden (@MariusVanDerWijden)<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Linux only, no signatures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/PatriceVignola\/cpp-kzg-ceremony-client\">cpp-kzg-ceremony-client<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">blst<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">C++<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">AGPL-3.0<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Patrice Vignola (@PatriceVignola)<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Features: BLS\/ECDSA signing, transcript verification, Linux\/Windows\/MacOS support<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/dsrvlabs\/czg-keremony\">czg-keremony<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">noble-curves<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">JavaScript<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">MIT<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">JoonKyo Kim (@rootwarp),  HyungGi Kim (@kim201212)<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"\/><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"css-0\">\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/NethermindEth\/kzg-ceremony-client\">kzg-ceremony-client<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">blst<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">C#<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">MIT<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\">Alexey (@flcl42), CheeChyuan (@chee-chyuan), Michal (@mpzajac), Jorge (@jmederosalvarado), Prince (@prix0007)<\/td>\n<td class=\"css-3c0snn\"\/><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"browser-interfaces\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"browser interfaces permalink\" href=\"#browser-interfaces\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Browser Interfaces<\/h3>\n<ol role=\"list\" class=\"css-vgl4zd\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">audit: QmevfvaP3nR5iMncWKa55B2f5mUgTAw9oDjFovD3XNrJTV<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">doge: QmRs83zAU1hEnPHeeSKBUa58kLiWiwkjG3rJCmB8ViTcSU<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"bls-libraries\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"bls libraries permalink\" href=\"#bls-libraries\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>BLS Libraries<\/h3>\n<hr aria-orientation=\"horizontal\" class=\"chakra-divider css-1e6gg7n\"\/>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">A massive shout out to the dozens of people from the broader Ethereum community involved in design, coordination, audits, devops-ing, and writing code. This project would not have existed without your efforts!<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Another thank you to the tens of thousands of people who took the time to contribute, report bugs, and help scale Ethereum.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/en\/2024\/01\/23\/kzg-wrap\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The KZG Ceremony was the largest multi-party computation of its kind (by number of participants). Through an open, accessible process, it produced a secure cryptographic foundation for EIP-4844. Learn more about how the Ceremony worked in Carl Beekhuizen&#8217;s Devcon talk: &#8220;Summoning the spirit of the Dankshard&#8221; As the Dencun upgrade approaches, this post will serve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":17744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"kronos_expire_date":[],"class_list":["post-17743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethereum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17743"},{"taxonomy":"kronos_expire_date","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kronos_expire_date?post=17743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}