{"id":18042,"date":"2026-03-07T16:04:19","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T16:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/ef-supported-teams-research-development-roundup-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-07T16:04:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T16:04:19","slug":"ef-supported-teams-research-development-roundup-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/2026\/03\/07\/ef-supported-teams-research-development-roundup-2\/","title":{"rendered":"EF-Supported Teams: Research &#038; Development Roundup"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/images\/posts\/devcon-lights-edit.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"\">\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We all have a lot to be thankful for this holiday season, from the first birthday of the beacon chain, to the successful upgrades over the past year and the incredible progress across the entire Ethereum ecosystem.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">As a highly productive year draws to a close, there are a few final gifts to deliver in the form of updates from many (15+!!) EF-supported teams that are always working to improve the network. And there&#8217;s a <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">lot<\/em> of substantive material here, so take some time to sort through the table of contents, and dig in!<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">As always, this roundup series focuses on EF-supported teams whose members are working to grow and improve Ethereum as a whole. Included in this edition are updates from many teams highlighted in <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/08\/12\/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-2\">the previous report<\/a>, and other new and rotating groups.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Enjoy! \ud83e\udd84<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"consensus-rd-aka-ef-research-team\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"consensus rd aka ef research team permalink\" href=\"#consensus-rd-aka-ef-research-team\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Consensus R&amp;D (aka EF Research Team)<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Hsiao-Wei Wang<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the second half of this year, the milestones in Ethereum consensus R&amp;D included:<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To align with <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@timbeiko\/great-renaming\">The Great Renaming<\/a>, we shifted components to \u201cConsensus Layer\u201d from \u201cEth2\u201d for clearer communication in the long term.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In early 2022, our team will focus on helping to deliver the \u201cThe Merge\u201d, the most significant consensus protocol upgrade ever. Fortunately, we have great support from client teams, and others in the community working to make this a reality! In the meantime, we will be continuing our research work on data availability, L1 scaling, and the features of the \u201cclean up\u201d fork after The Merge.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"ecosystem-support-program\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"ecosystem support program permalink\" href=\"#ecosystem-support-program\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Ecosystem Support Program<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by ESP Team<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We published our <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/11\/04\/esp-allocation-update-q2-2021\">Q2 Allocation Update<\/a> with grants totalling $7,794,000 for the quarter &#8211; and Q3 is coming soon! You can also check out recent monthly roundups <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/10\/22\/esp-grantee-roundup-sep-21\">here<\/a> and <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/09\/22\/esp-grantee-roundup-aug-21\">here<\/a> for more detailed progress updates from a few of our fabulous grantees.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Behind the scenes, we\u2019re working on a major website overhaul which should make it easier than ever to understand ESP\u2019s mission and priorities, and for eligible builders to apply for funding or other support. We can\u2019t wait to launch the new site in early 2022!<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"ethereumorg\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"ethereumorg permalink\" href=\"#ethereumorg\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Ethereum.org<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Sam Richards<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To make our work more accessible and to foster more community collaboration, our team publishes an overview of our quarterly roadmap goals. See our <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/ethereum-org-website\/issues\/4215\">Q4 product roadmap here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Happy holidays to all from the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">ethereum.org<\/a> team \ud83d\ude00\ud83c\udf84 As always, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/about\/\">our vision with ethereum.org<\/a> is to create the best portal for Ethereum\u2019s growing community and to serve as the front door to Ethereum for millions of new visitors each month.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"content-updates\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"content updates permalink\" href=\"#content-updates\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Content updates<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Ethereum moves fast! As well as updating hundreds of pages to ensure our content stays up to date and accurate, we\u2019ve also released a bunch of new content:<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">Ethereum.org<\/a> exists thanks to hundreds of content and code contributors from the community. In Q3\/Q4, we put emphasis on ways to increase contributions and acknowledge the community for the work they were doing:<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading group css-qm6a1\" id=\"some-stats-aug---dec\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"some stats aug   dec permalink\" href=\"#some-stats-aug---dec\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Some stats (Aug &#8211; Dec)<\/h4>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Our <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/ethereum-org-website\">GitHub<\/a> contributors increased by 57%, from 396 to 621 \ud83d\ude32<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Our <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/discord.gg\/bTCfS8C\">Discord community<\/a> nearly doubled, from 6,500 to 12,200 members \ud83c\udf89<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">We\u2019ve hosted two <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_rAqApQqP5Y\">community<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hbL1hziYMYM&amp;t=22s\">calls<\/a> and started office-hours for contributors<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">We added 3 new community guides (trusted members answering questions and moderating chat) \ud83d\ude0e<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">We introduced tiered POAPs to gamify contributions for content, code, and translations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"translation-program\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"translation program permalink\" href=\"#translation-program\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Translation Program<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Since hiring our new Translation Lead in July, <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/10\/04\/translation-program-update\">the Translation Program has really ramped up<\/a>!<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading group css-qm6a1\" id=\"some-stats\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"some stats permalink\" href=\"#some-stats\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Some stats:<\/h4>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Between July and November, the community collectively translated 1,373,046 words for <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">ethereum.org<\/a>, over 10x the amount of this same period last year! To put this in perspective, this is equivalent to translating the entirety of almost 20 books \ud83d\udcda!<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">We&#8217;ve received translation support from over 2,500 community contributors \ud83e\udd2f<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">We have 37 languages live on <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">ethereum.org<\/a> \ud83c\udf0d<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">We launched an initiative to better <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/contributing\/translation-program\/acknowledgements\/\">acknowledge our translators<\/a>, including a leaderboard and translator certificates!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"clr-funding\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"clr funding permalink\" href=\"#clr-funding\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>CLR funding<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We&#8217;re supporting a <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/clr.fund\">clr.fund<\/a> round on Layer 2! After over 6 months of contributing to clr.fund&#8217;s quadratic funding stack, we&#8217;ve merged our changes to the upstream repo, which adds L2 network support and a variety of web app enhancements.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/clr.fund\">clr.fund<\/a> plans to deploy a funding round on Arbitrum One geared towards the staking ecosystem in January, and the EF is excited to offer matching funds to the round. We hope you participate! Stay tuned for details. Yay public goods!<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We&#8217;ve been building on the shoulders of giants. Thank you to the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/clr.fund\">clr.fund<\/a> team, the MACI team &amp; clr.fund&#8217;s community of contributors who continue to push innovations in the ZKP &amp; quadratic funding space.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"whats-next\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"whats next permalink\" href=\"#whats-next\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>What&#8217;s next?<\/h3>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">creating a learning hub to allow non-technical users to become proficient Ethereum users<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">building additional resources on running nodes and staking to improve accessibility<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">further automating our translation pipeline to release translated content out faster<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">expanding the Translation Program beyond <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"http:\/\/ethereum.org\">ethereum.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">updating content to transition away from the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/eth2\/\">Eth2<\/a> terminology as the merge approaches<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"how-does-that-sound\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"how does that sound permalink\" href=\"#how-does-that-sound\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>How does that sound?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We appreciate feedback on our roadmap. Our guiding principles are based on delivering the most value in the shortest time, so if there\u2019s something you think we should work on, please let us know! We welcome ideas and contributions from anyone in the community.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/contributing\/\">More on contributing<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"ipsilon\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"ipsilon permalink\" href=\"#ipsilon\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Ipsilon<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Alex Beregszaszi<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">We have created a <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ipsilon.xyz\">team website<\/a> to provide a clear explainer and to comprehensively list our current and past work.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">It is easy to tell from the following headers that in the second half of the year the team mostly focused on the EVM. It\u2019s also important to mention that we have teamed up with the Geth Team to improve the performance of the EVM interpreter.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"evm-object-format-eof\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"evm object format eof permalink\" href=\"#evm-object-format-eof\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>EVM Object Format (EOF)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The first step towards this, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3541\">EIP-3541<\/a>, went live with London and we have <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@ipsilon\/eof-prefix-selection\">conducted a survey<\/a> across many testnets and EVM chains to find a fitting prefix for EOF.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Continued clarifications were made to <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3540\">EIP-3540<\/a> (including the chosen prefix), and we also proposed further work building on top of it:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3670\">EIP-3670<\/a> to introduce code validation at deploy time<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3690\">EIP-3690<\/a> to replace <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">JUMPDEST<\/span> opcodes with a JUMPDEST-table<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-4200\">EIP-4200<\/a> to introduce two new opcodes, <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">RJUMP<\/span> and <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">RJUMPI<\/span>, facilitating static jumps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">During October we presented EOF at <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Liscon<\/em> (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/axic.github.io\/notes\/liscon_eof\/\">slides here<\/a>, but the recording is not available) and at the <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Ethereum Meetup in Berlin<\/em> (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/gumb0.github.io\/slides\/berlin_meetup_eof\/\">slides<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wa1qCKR8ig8?t=5264\">recording<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"other-eips\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"other eips permalink\" href=\"#other-eips\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Other EIPs<\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading group css-qm6a1\" id=\"eip-2681-limit-account-nonce-to-264-1\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"eip 2681 limit account nonce to 264 1 permalink\" href=\"#eip-2681-limit-account-nonce-to-264-1\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>EIP-2681 (<em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Limit account nonce to 2^64-1<\/em>)<\/h4>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">One of our old proposals, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-2681\">EIP-2681<\/a>, was accepted during <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/pm\/blob\/master\/AllCoreDevs-Meetings\/Meeting%20120.md#limiting-account-nonce-eip-2681-vs-3338\">ACD#120<\/a>. It codifies a restriction, which was already (partially) implemented in practice in most clients. After acceptance we have extended the Ethereum State Tests suite and adjusted the geth implementation.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading group css-qm6a1\" id=\"eip-3855-push0-instruction\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"eip 3855 push0 instruction permalink\" href=\"#eip-3855-push0-instruction\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>EIP-3855 (<em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">PUSH0 instruction<\/em>)<\/h4>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3855\">EIP-3855<\/a> proposes to introduce a <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">PUSH0<\/span> instruction which pushes 0 onto the stack. This is a frequently used feature, mostly accomplished today via inefficient or repurposed instructions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Our analysis found that substantial resources could have been saved with this opcode:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"chakra-code css-gk0tva\">\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To put the \u201cwaste\u201d into perspective, across existing accounts 340,557,331 bytes are wasted on PUSH1 00 instructions, which means 68,111,466,200 gas was spent to deploy them.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading group css-qm6a1\" id=\"eip-3860-limit-and-meter-initcode\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"eip 3860 limit and meter initcode permalink\" href=\"#eip-3860-limit-and-meter-initcode\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>EIP-3860 (<em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Limit and meter initcode<\/em>)<\/h4>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3860\">EIP-3860<\/a> is a proposal to set a boundary and introduce metering for initcode. This would allow for more optimised analysis and execution, because implementations would need to deal with less unknowns.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"geth\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"geth permalink\" href=\"#geth\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>geth<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">As a collaboration with the Geth Team, we started to work on measuring and improving the performance of the EVM interpreter in geth.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">On the analysis side two reports are noteworthy:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@ipsilon\/evm-performance-report-geth-vs-evmone\">Geth vs evmone<\/a> compares the speed of Geth and evmone using the benchmarking suite in evmone.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@ipsilon\/evm-performance-report-geth-and-go-compiler\">Geth &amp; Go compiler<\/a> explores the effect of the Go compiler version on the speed of geth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Based on these initial results, we have looked into profiling geth, and finally contributing several improvements to the codebase, most of which has been already merged. A non-comprehensive list of relevant PRs: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/23952\">23952<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/23970\">23970<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/23974\">23974<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/23977\">23977<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/24017\">24017<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/24026\">24026<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/24031\">24031<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/24120\">24120<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Follow <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pulls?q=involves%3Achfast+involves%3Aaxic+involves%3Agumb0\">this link<\/a> to see every PR. We plan to continue this work in the next quarter.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"evmone\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"evmone permalink\" href=\"#evmone\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>evmone<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Two bugfix releases of evmone were made: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/evmone\/releases\/tag\/v0.8.1\">0.8.1<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/evmone\/releases\/tag\/v0.8.2\">0.8.2<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"ethash\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"ethash permalink\" href=\"#ethash\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>ethash<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The team also maintains a <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/chfast\/ethash\">C++ ethash\/keccak256 library<\/a>, which is used by evmone and Silkworm.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The latest <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/chfast\/ethash\/releases\/tag\/v0.8.0\">0.8.0 release<\/a> introduces a new method for verifying the final Ethash hashes against the block difficulty. This is both a usability and speed improvement. The method has been <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethresear.ch\/t\/faster-ethash-check-against-difficulty\/11442\">posted on Ethresear.ch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Additionally, ProgPoW has been deprecated in the library.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"fizzy\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"fizzy permalink\" href=\"#fizzy\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Fizzy<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The team also participated in the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/hopin.com\/events\/wasm-in-web3\">Wasm in Web3<\/a> conference during September. We gave two presentations:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7C0YuLSHmhI\">Fizzy \u2014 A deterministic interpreter<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/axic.github.io\/notes\/wasm_in_web3_fizzy\">slides<\/a>) gave a comprehensive overview of what Fizzy is, how it compares to other engines, and also explains the reasoning behind many of the design choices we made.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=St1PxQB3uPk\">Weird quirks while testing WebAssembly<\/a> shows a good selection of edge cases we have encountered while developing Fizzy. The talk also gives some potential solutions and explainers for these edge cases, as well as how we have extended the official WebAssembly test suite to cover them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"formal-verification\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"formal verification permalink\" href=\"#formal-verification\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Formal Verification<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Leo Alt<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the second half of the year the FV team continued to focus on our existing tools:<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Act:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">We finally released Act 0.1! You can read the amazing tutorial at <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/fv.ethereum.org\/2021\/08\/31\/act-0.1\/\">https:\/\/fv.ethereum.org\/2021\/08\/31\/act-0.1\/<\/a> to check what\u2019s possible currently and how to use it.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">We\u2019re currently refactoring error handling to improve usability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Hevm:<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">SMTChecker:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Track the balances of contracts precisely, including <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">msg.value<\/span> sent to and from the analyzed contracts.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Also support the low-level <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">call<\/span> function as an unsafe external call.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Improve counterexamples by reporting <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">block.*<\/span>, <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">msg.*<\/span> and <span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">tx.*<\/span> values that are important for failed verification targets.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Report contract and reentrancy inductive invariants back to the user.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"geth-1\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"geth 1 permalink\" href=\"#geth-1\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Geth<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Felix Lange<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the second half of 2021, we published 9 geth releases. As usual, our time has been split between EIP review\/implementation, client optimization\/maintenance and reviewing code changes proposed by the community.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In July, the London hard fork, which included EIP-1559, was activated. The new gas pricing scheme defined by this EIP required many changes across all subsystems of geth. We are still discovering and fixing corner-case issues related to EIP-1559 now, six months after its introduction.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Two security vulnerabilities were discovered in the past six months. For both of them, we followed our security advisory policy: we immediately assigned a CVE number to the issue and published a hotfix release. Technical details about the vulnerability were published 6-8 weeks later.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the last quarter of 2021, our work has mostly shifted towards implementation and testing of <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">The Merge<\/em>. We are on track to turn geth into the &#8216;execution layer client&#8217; of the merged execution+consensus (fmr. \u201ceth1+eth2\u201d) layers. In preparation for The Merge, we have re-written much of the sync code to operate under control of the consensus layer. Geth also participates in Merge testnets.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Additionally, the geth team has been working on several long-term projects, such as implementation of Verkle Trees, a beacon chain light client, and a new database storage scheme for the Ethereum state.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"javascript-team\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"javascript team permalink\" href=\"#javascript-team\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Javascript Team<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Holger Drewes<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the last two quarters of 2021, preparations for \u201cthe big transitions\u201d on the Ethereum network was a strong focus of our work. We participated in the Merge Interop in Greece and released the first Merge-testnet ready versions of our client, VM and related libraries (see e.g. the EthereumJS client v0.2 release). We also started on an exciting experiment with the Go-Ethereum Verkle\/Stateless team to natively test stateless block execution based on a verkle proof served along a modified block header via devp2p within our client. If you are interested you can see the following <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereumjs\/ethereumjs-monorepo\/issues\/1533\">tracking issue<\/a> to watch our progress.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">A bit more applicable for the end user <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">right now<\/em>: the support of our libraries for the emerging L2 networks like Polygon, Arbitrum or Optimism has been improved. These and some other networks can now directly be referenced to e.g. send a transaction to a certain L2 network. See e.g. the Common <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereumjs\/ethereumjs-monorepo\/releases\/tag\/%40ethereumjs%2Fcommon%402.6.0\">v2.6.0<\/a> release for the latest Optimism L2 network integration.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">And last but not least: there is a VM ArrowGlacier release <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereumjs\/ethereumjs-monorepo\/releases\/tag\/%40ethereumjs%2Fvm%405.6.0\">available<\/a> and on the Ethers.js front. Richard has just posted an exciting overview on the upcoming Ethers.js v6 library changes and updates on his <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ricmoo.com\/highlights-ethers-js-december-2021-dc1adb779d1a\">blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"privacy--scaling-explorations\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"privacy  scaling explorations permalink\" href=\"#privacy--scaling-explorations\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Privacy &amp; Scaling Explorations<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Thore Hildebrandt<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Privacy &amp; Scaling Explorations team works to bridge the gap between cutting-edge research in zero-knowledge proofs, and application development on Ethereum.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"zkevm\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"zkevm permalink\" href=\"#zkevm\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>zkEVM<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The goal of <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/appliedzkp\/zkevm-circuits\/tree\/main\/zkevm-circuits\/src\">zkEVM<\/a> is to run smart contracts in a zk-rollup. Unfortunately, the EVM was not designed to run in a zk circuit which makes it a challenge. We want to implement the full set of EVM opcodes directly into the zk circuits so a smart contract running on L1 can be deployed to L2 with minimal modifications. This will allow full compatibility with existing tooling and enable us to leverage knowledge of the EVM that the ecosystem has built up over the past years. We are making good progress on specification of the opcodes and implementation of the circuits, and we have early benchmarks and an important goal going forward to bring prover time down.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"zkopru\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"zkopru permalink\" href=\"#zkopru\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>ZKOPRU<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">ZKOPRU (zk-optimistic-rollup) is a layer-2 scaling solution for private transactions using zk-SNARK and optimistic rollup. It supports private transfers and private atomic swaps within the layer-2 network between ETH, ERC20 and ERC721. It also provides instant withdrawal with pay-in-advance features and compliance compatibility using spending key and viewing keys. ZKOPRU <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/privacy-scaling-explorations\/zkopru-on-testnet-ba5b2d65ffa1\">has recently launched<\/a> on testnet &#8211; go ahead and check it out. We&#8217;re working on improving sync-times and on a private exchange feature.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"unirep--unirep-social\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"unirep  unirep social permalink\" href=\"#unirep--unirep-social\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Unirep &amp; Unirep Social<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/NIC619\/UniRep\">UniRep<\/a> is a private and non-repudiable reputation system. Users can receive positive and negative reputation from attesters, and voluntarily prove that they have at least a certain amount of reputation without revealing the exact amount. Moreover, users cannot refuse to receive reputation from an attester. We are using Unirep to build <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vivianjeng\/Unirep-Social\">Unirep Social<\/a>: a Reddit-like platform that allows users to privately accumulate karma. Building the Unirep Social website was our focus in the past months. Proofs in Unirep are now indexed so that they can be referred many times and prevent one proof from being submitted twice. Unirep can now handle an initial reputation airdrop and user state transition airdrop. We are also improving the efficiency in generating user state and Unirep state.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Basic functions, frontend design, frontend and backend of Unirep Social are complete, and we are planning a closed pre-alpha release. Check out <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/privacy-scaling-explorations\/unirep-a-private-and-non-repudiable-reputation-system-7fb5c6478549?source=collection_home---6------4-----------------------\">this blogpost<\/a> if you want to learn more.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"clrfund-for-everyone\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"clrfund for everyone permalink\" href=\"#clrfund-for-everyone\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>CLR.fund for Everyone<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The goal of the project is to make it easy for any community to run their own CLR round with clr.fund. This project has been very busy. You can now deploy your own quadratic funding application with the clr.fund <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/clrfund-xdai.on.fleek.co\/#\/\">Deployer<\/a>. Empower your community to choose and fund its own future, in a fully decentralized manner. Check out our <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/thegraph.com\/legacy-explorer\/subgraph\/daodesigner\/clrfund-xdai?selected=playground\">Subgraph<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/clrfund.gitbook.io\/deployer\/\">Documentation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"interrep\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"interrep permalink\" href=\"#interrep\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>InterRep<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Reputation is the key to trust. People spend years building up their reputation on centralized social platforms, but they have to start from nothing whenever they start using a new app. InterRep aims to make reputation portable to expand the compounding benefits of trusted human interactions across the web. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/jaygraber.medium.com\/introducing-interrep-255d3f56682\">Check out this blogpost<\/a> for the initial announcement and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/InterRep\/contracts\">the repo<\/a>. In the past quarter we have expanded the range of social proof sources, to POAP and email and have curated groups: on-chain, and off-chain via a Telegram bot. We are doing a UI redesign, improving interaction with client applications and preparing for a live launch.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"semaphore--zk-keeper\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"semaphore  zk keeper permalink\" href=\"#semaphore--zk-keeper\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Semaphore \/ ZK-Keeper<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/appliedzkp\/semaphore\">Semaphore<\/a> is a zero-knowledge gadget which allows users to prove their membership of a set without revealing their original identity. At the same time, it allows users to signal their endorsement of an arbitrary string. It is designed to be a simple and generic privacy layer for Ethereum dApps. Use cases include private voting, whistleblowing, mixers, and anonymous authentication. With ZK-Keeper we are focussing on keeping Semaphore up to date with the latest zk tools and integrating it with other projects like InterRep. We have new libs for handling semaphore proofs and identities. Implementation is now done on top of Halo2 and we\u2019re getting it ready to be used in the browser.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"rln\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"rln permalink\" href=\"#rln\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>RLN<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">RLN (Rate Limiting Nullifier) is a construct based on zero-knowledge proofs that enables spam prevention for decentralized, anonymous environments. In anonymous environments, the identity of the entities is unknown. We have recently published an <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/privacy-scaling-explorations\/rate-limiting-nullifier-a-spam-protection-mechanism-for-anonymous-environments-bbe4006a57d?source=collection_home---6------3-----------------------\">explanatory blog post<\/a> to get more people excited about the idea. We have finished research around \u201cFeasibility analysis for ETH2 Validator privacy using RLN\u201d. We&#8217;re working on productionalizing the \u201cPrivate instant chat app using RLN and Interrep\u201d project. We&#8217;re also helping to integrate the ZK-Keeper plugin into the RLN projects.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"protocol-support\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"protocol support permalink\" href=\"#protocol-support\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Protocol Support<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Tim Beiko<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Protocol Support (PS) team was formed in 2021 to grow the number of ways in which the teams building or interacting with the Ethereum base layer are supported. The team\u2019s main focus is enabling core developers to ship network upgrades on Ethereum\u2019s execution layer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To this effect, <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/03\/08\/ethereum-berlin-upgrade-announcement\">Berlin<\/a>, <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/07\/15\/london-mainnet-announcement\">London<\/a> and <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/11\/10\/arrow-glacier-announcement\">Arrow Glacier<\/a> were deployed this year. Beyond these, PS spent significant efforts working towards The Merge, first with <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/04\/02\/finalized-no-25\">Rayonism<\/a>, then the <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/10\/15\/amphora-merge-milestone\">Amphora workshop<\/a> and now the <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/12\/20\/kintsugi-merge-testnet\">Kintsugi Devnet<\/a>!<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This accelerating pace and scope of change has required more outreach to the Ethereum community, which led our team to organize frequent Community Calls. During these, application, infrastructure and tooling developers were invited to discuss how to best support protocol upgrades and provide a smooth transition for their users. Alongside these calls, the team has given several talks and published several posts about the changing Ethereum roadmap, such as <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/hackmd.io\/@timbeiko\/acd\">this recent all core devs update<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/newsletter.banklesshq.com\/p\/ethereum-roadmap-update-end-of-2021\">this piece in Bankless<\/a> and <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/11\/29\/how-the-merge-impacts-app-layer\">this recent post on the Merge and the application layer in the EF Blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Beyond protocol upgrades, the PS team has taken on two major initiatives to ensure clients teams are well supported. First, a <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/12\/13\/client-incentive-program\">Client Incentive Program<\/a> was announced to give teams Ethereum-aligned long-term incentives. The program provides client teams with a set of 144 validators that they must run using their software. Assuming teams keep meeting certain performance benchmarks on mainnet, these validators are gradually vested to the teams, which are free to either liquidate them or keep them running to collect rewards and fees. This program aligns teams with Ethereum, ensures they are \u201cdogfooding\u201d their clients on mainnet, and that they keep delivering performant software.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Second, a <a class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/05\/13\/core-dev-apprenticeship\">Core Developer Apprenticeship Program<\/a> was launched. This program provided stipends and mentorship to self-directed individuals who wanted to dive deep into protocol development. CDAP was launched as an experiment which proved to be incredibly successful! Two cohorts were run, with over 25 participants. Of these, at least 5 are now working full time in the ecosystem. These initial cohorts have taught us a lot about what was good and what could be improved with the program. Expect a revamped CDAP in 2022!<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Lastly, the team experimented with providing infrastructure to the client teams and broader community. To that end, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/crawler.ethereum.org\/\">crawler.ethereum.org<\/a> was shipped and open-sourced. We hope that having an additional crawler running and available for the community to improve, modify or fork helps provide better views of the network\u2019s topology.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"remix\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"remix permalink\" href=\"#remix\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Remix<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Rob Stupay<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Over the past 6 months, the Remix team has unscrewed the back of our app to do some extensive rewiring. First among these changes was continued work on moving our code to React. We also expanded our reach by dialing in some effective channels to new communities, and onboarding new users with a basic product \u201ctour\u201d of our IDE. We\u2019ve plugged in projects into our \u201cexperience\u201d, integrating Slither, and Hardhat, as well as updating the Remix VSCode extension.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">And, if that\u2019s not enough, we jammed on some tools for collaborative coding, improving Decentralized GIT and integrating Github. Last but not least, we\u2019ve updated our existing plugins. In short, we\u2019ve maxed it out to 11.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/remix-ide\/the-remix-project-in-2021s-q3-q4-16a4ead74eed?source=friends_link&amp;sk=b62aabb8fc09c5f5fa37e869c55c03d9\">See more details in our article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"robust-incentives-group\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"robust incentives group permalink\" href=\"#robust-incentives-group\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Robust Incentives Group<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Barnabe Monnot<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The RIG (Robust Incentives Group) welcomed new team members and participated in many important milestones for the Ethereum protocol. For a quick refresher on what the RIG is and what we care about, you can check out <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6FIIZW7ScuE\">Protocol cryptoeconomics with the RIG<\/a>, presented by <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/barnabemonnot\">Barnab\u00e9<\/a> at EthCC in July.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">On the Proof-of-Stake consensus side, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/casparschwa\">Caspar<\/a>, who joined us as full-time research scientist earlier this year, found an issue with the current fork choice, written up as <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.10086\">Three attacks on Proof-of-Stake Ethereum<\/a>. Fortunately, there is a strong candidate fix that was <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/consensus-specs\/pull\/2730\">recently merged<\/a> in the consensus specs, after many productive discussions with Stanford&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/tselab.stanford.edu\/\">Tse Lab<\/a>, who co-authored the &#8220;Three attacks&#8221; paper. Caspar and others also proposed a different mitigation (&#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethresear.ch\/t\/change-fork-choice-rule-to-mitigate-balancing-and-reorging-attacks\/11127\">proposer view merge<\/a>&#8220;), that is still under research. Check out <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/637529564\">Caspar at Liscon<\/a> presenting his results!<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ShyamSridhar7\">Shyam<\/a>, who joined us first as research intern last summer and is now a research assistant at the RIG, released <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/shsr2001.github.io\/beacondigest\/\">a series of notebooks<\/a> exploring the beacon chain statistics from many unique angles, including <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/shsr2001.github.io\/beacondigest\/notebooks\/2021\/06\/07\/oceanic.html\">oceanic games<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/shsr2001.github.io\/beacondigest\/notebooks\/2021\/07\/19\/measuring_decentralization.html\">inequality<\/a>. Shyam has also been working on an extension to our <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.github.io\/beaconrunner\">Beacon runner<\/a> PoS simulation engine that includes reinforcement learning. Check out <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mwxK7tEtcIM\">his talk at EDCON<\/a>!<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Block 12,965,000, August 5th, 12:33:42 PM UTC, was an important date for us: the London hard fork activated, and with it, EIP-1559. Over the last year, we&#8217;ve released a series of notebooks presenting <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.github.io\/abm1559\">various simulations<\/a> of the new fee market mechanism, which set the stage for further analysis after launch. Barnab\u00e9 reported some results <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZmzIHFuwdg0?t=239\">early after<\/a>, and with co-authors (including Shyam) wrote up a longer-form paper, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.04753\">Transaction Fees on a Honeymoon: Ethereum&#8217;s EIP-1559 One Month Later<\/a>. The paper is motivated by the behaviour of the 1559 update rule in the real world, and opens new research directions for improvements to the rule.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The RIG was also closely working with the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cadCAD_Edu\">cadCAD Edu<\/a> team in preparing <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cadCAD_Edu\/status\/1435580548957749250\">an online masterclass in validator economics<\/a>, supported by a fully extensible <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/CADLabs\/ethereum-economic-model\">model of Ethereum economics<\/a> (in Python).<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"snake-charmers-python-ecosystem\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"snake charmers python ecosystem permalink\" href=\"#snake-charmers-python-ecosystem\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Snake Charmers [Python Ecosystem]<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Keri Clowes<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the second half of 2021, the Snake Charmers team completed the changes needed across the ecosystem to support the London hard fork. This involved wide-ranging, fundamental changes throughout our stack, especially in Py-EVM, Ethereum Tester, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/web3.py\">Web3.py<\/a>, and eth-account. There were also two bug bounties submitted for Py-EVM that have been fixed. We\u2019ve ramped up efforts to generate educational content, and placed a bigger emphasis on developer relations. And as always, there is ongoing community support, issue triage, and bug squashing across our Python tools.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"fe-lang\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"fe lang permalink\" href=\"#fe-lang\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Fe-lang<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Grant Wuerker<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Over the past 6 months, the Fe team has cut the following releases:<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>0.11.0-alpha \u201cKarlite\u201d (2021-12-02)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">multi-file support<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">function definitions on structs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>v0.10.0-alpha \u201cJade\u201d (2021-10-32)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">module-level constants and functions<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">unsafe support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>v0.9.0-alpha \u201cIridium\u201d (2021-9-29)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">self declarations in function signatures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>v0.8.0-alpha \u201cHaxonite\u201d (2021-8-31)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">query-based analysis using <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/salsa-rs\/salsa\">Salsa<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>0.7.0-alpha \u201cGalaxite\u201d (2021-07-27)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Solidity ABI decoding checks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>0.6.0-alpha \u201cFeldspar\u201d (2021-06-10)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">If you would like to know more about our progress over the last 6 months, you can checkout the following resources:<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"portal\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"portal permalink\" href=\"#portal\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Portal<\/h3>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Piper Merriam<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This year has been a big year for the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/portal-network-specs\">Portal Network<\/a>. We started this year with an idea and only a loose plan for how to build a peer-to-peer network that could deliver lightweight access to the Ethereum protocol. We now have three independent teams and implementations and are well underway to launching the initial testnet which should evolve into a fully functional network by the end of 2022.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The EF Portal team has been working hard on <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/trin\/\">Trin<\/a>, a portal client written in Rust. The EF Javascript team has also been working on <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereumjs\/ultralight\">Ultralight<\/a>, a portal client written in Typescript aimed at being runnable in the browser. The team from <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/status.im\/\">Status.im<\/a> has also been working on <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/our.status.im\/nimbus-fluffly\/\">Fluffy<\/a>, a portal client intended for integration with the Status ethereum client and wallet solutions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">During this year we have solved the previously unsolved problem of how to distribute the current Ethereum State in a manner that is conducive to efficient storage and retrieval. We established the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/portal-network-specs\/blob\/master\/portal-wire-protocol.md\">Portal Wire Protocol<\/a>, an extensible base protocol that is the foundation of all of the networks making up the Portal Network. We also had the pleasure of working with multiple participants of the Core Developer Apprenticeship Program who used the Portal Network projects as a jumping off point for getting into Core Protocol development.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"security-security--consensus-tests\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"security security  consensus tests permalink\" href=\"#security-security--consensus-tests\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Security [Security \/ Consensus Tests]<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Security (Security \/ Consensus Tests) Team<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">On the security and testing side, a lot of attention has been given to the London upgrade and the upcoming merge. We\u2019ve made updates on tooling for test authoring and continued to improve the reference tests.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"solidity\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"solidity permalink\" href=\"#solidity\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Solidity<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Franziska Heintel<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the second half of this year, we released Solidity versions 0.8.8, 0.8.9, 0.8.10 and 0.8.11:<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/09\/27\/solidity-0.8.8-release-announcement\/\">Solidity 0.8.8<\/a> brings you <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/09\/27\/user-defined-value-types\/\">user defined value types<\/a> as a major new feature. It also improves overriding interface functions, reading from immutables, and more.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/09\/29\/solidity-0.8.9-release-announcement\/\">Solidity 0.8.9<\/a> is a pure bugfix release and fixes two important, but low severity, bugs:\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/11\/09\/solidity-0.8.10-release-announcement\/\">Solidity 0.8.10<\/a> contains external function call optimizations, enables the new EVM code generator for pure Yul mode and can report contract invariants and reentrancy properties through the SMTChecker.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/12\/20\/solidity-0.8.11-release-announcement\/\">Solidity 0.8.11<\/a> adds a first implementation of a Language Server and allows a safer way to perform ABI-encoding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Moreover, several Solidity team members presented at ETHGlobal\u2019s Developer Tool Summit:<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Solidity documentation got a few upgrades, most notably, we&#8230;<\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">updated the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.soliditylang.org\/en\/latest\/resources.html\">resources section<\/a> with general resources, Ethereum IDEs, editor integrations, Solidity tools, Solidity parsers and grammars.<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">added the functionality to <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/solidity_lang\/status\/1456233507538227207?s=20\">open code examples<\/a> in the documentation directly in Remix.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Lastly, we <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/11\/18\/solidity-developer-survey-2021\/\">launched<\/a> our yearly Solidity Developer Survey. If you are a Solidity developer, <em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">please take 10 minutes to share your feedback and take part in the survey<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSc5iacmGfzHfAAgQK3hQVxIXXKMImYbQ5tzi33BiMwaBvhbFQ\/viewform\">here<\/a>. The survey will be open until 31st of December 2021.<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Oh and we\u2019re hiring!<\/em> Have a look at our <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.bamboohr.com\/jobs\/view.php?id=40&amp;source=EFroundup\">C++ Engineer Solidity<\/a> opening.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1kpzc4q\" id=\"zokrates\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"zokrates permalink\" href=\"#zokrates\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>ZoKrates<\/h2>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Authored by Thibaut Schaeffer<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the second half of 2021, ZoKrates advanced on different fronts:<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"language\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"language permalink\" href=\"#language\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Language<\/h3>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Type aliasing, as well as the ability to make function calls in constant definitions<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Support for the ternary expression syntax<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Enable constant generics on structs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"proof-systems\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"proof systems permalink\" href=\"#proof-systems\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Proof systems<\/h3>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Reduction of the deployment cost for some Solidity verifiers<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Expose recursive verification in the standard library<\/li>\n<li class=\"css-0\">Add support for Groth16 MPC ceremonies (coming soon)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-xuzltg\" id=\"compiler-performance\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-128fqrf\" aria-label=\"compiler performance permalink\" href=\"#compiler-performance\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Compiler performance<\/h3>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1ars4k6\">\n<li class=\"css-0\">Extensive work on reducing memory and time requirements of the compiler (coming soon with metrics!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">For a full list of the changes, check out the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-vezwxf\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Zokrates\/ZoKrates\/blob\/develop\/CHANGELOG.md\">changelog<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/en\/2021\/12\/22\/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-3\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We all have a lot to be thankful for this holiday season, from the first birthday of the beacon chain, to the successful upgrades over the past year and the incredible progress across the entire Ethereum ecosystem. As a highly productive year draws to a close, there are a few final gifts to deliver in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":18043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"kronos_expire_date":[],"class_list":["post-18042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethereum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18042"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18042\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18042"},{"taxonomy":"kronos_expire_date","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cryptoted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kronos_expire_date?post=18042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}